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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaz65</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Почвоведение и агрохимия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Soil Science and Agrichemistry</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1999-740X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2959-3433</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахский научно-исследовательский институт почвоведения и агрохимии имени У.У. Успанова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaz65-428</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOIL GENESIS, CLASSIFICATION AND MAPPING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title></article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>POTASSIUM RESERVE IN SOILS OF THE VLADIMIR OPOLYA FROM A POSITION OF THE CONTENT OF MINERALS - BEARIERS OF NUTRIENT ELEMENTS FOR PLANTS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dina</surname><given-names>Karpova</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">karpovad@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Natalia</surname><given-names>Chizhikova</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tatyana</surname><given-names>Trifonova</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Natalia</surname><given-names>Starokozhko</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Victoria</surname><given-names>Hadiushina</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of soil science<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="en">V. V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Dina K., Natalia C., Tatyana T., Natalia S., Victoria H., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Dina K., Natalia C., Tatyana T., Natalia S., Victoria H.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dina K., Natalia C., Tatyana T., Natalia S., Victoria H.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.soil.kz/jour/article/view/428">https://journal.soil.kz/jour/article/view/428</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью работы была попытка оценить резервы калия агросерых тяжелосуглинистых почв Владимирского ополья на основе дифференцированного анализа содержания его во фракциях размерностью менее 1, 1-5, 5-10 мкм. Объектом исследования являются агросерые тяжелосуглинистые почвы, сформированые на лессовидных суглинках. В пахотном горизонте отмечается наибольшее количество оксида кремния как результат вовлечения элювиальной части естественных почв, а также минимальное содержание алюминия и железа. Содержание оксидов элементов в илистой фракции существенно отличается от такового почвы в целом. Резко снижено количество оксида кремния, и характер его распределения по профилю равномерный (49,5-51,2%). Отмечается значительное увеличение оксидов железа и алюминия (10,1-11,1%), (18,2-19,1%) соответственно. По сравнению с почвой, илистая фракция обогащена валовым магнием. Количество оксида кальция незначительно. Оксид калия в иле не намного превышает его количество в почве в целом. Валовой химический состав илистой фракции свидетельствует о том, что эта фракция состоит преимущественно из глинистых минералов, для которых характерны высокие количества алюминия, железа, магния и калия. Основными компонентами фракции являются сложные неупорядоченные смешанослойные образования, доминирует слюда - смектиты с высоким содержанием смектитовых пакетов. Смектитовая фаза и гидрослюды составляют в сумме 85-90% от суммы компонент ила. Количество каолинита и хлорита колеблется в пределах 10-15 %. Эти минералы являются источниками калия, магния, определяют поведение анионов в почве. Профильная дифференциация серых почв обусловлена дифференциацией илистого материала, а в ней - смектитовой фазы, количество которой в нижней части профиля на 10-20 % выше, чем в элювиальной ее части. Особенно четко эта дифференциация минералов установлена при пересчете на почву в целом. Резервы калия илистой фракции наиболее высокие по сравнению с фракциями тонкой и средней пыли, поскольку основным носителем калия являются компоненты, составляющие &gt; 80 % от всех минералов фракции. Таким образом, наибольшее количество таких элементов питания, как калий, фосфор, магний фиксируется в тонкодисперсных фракциях, в илистой - фосфора, и магния, в илистой и тонкопылеватой - калия, магния. Илистая фракция наиболее функциональна вследствие не только как источник этих элементов, но также как регулятор поведения элементов, вносимых с удобрениями (мелиорантами) за счет фиксации этих элементов решеткой минералов. Агротехногенные воздействия, приводящие к подкислению почв, способствуют активизации разрушения минералов калия - носителей, за счет чего уровень его количества в почвенном растворе увеличивается, но одновременно снижаются природные запасы. Для восполнения природных запасов элементов питания необходима периодическая припашка иллювиальных горизонтов. Последнее предотвращает текстурную дифференциацию профиля, пополняет количество тонкодисперсных фракций, а с ними элементами питания растений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study is estimation of potassium reserves of agrogrey heavy clay loam soil of Vladimir opolie on the basis of differentiated analysis of its contents in fractions less than 1, 1-5, 5-10 microns. The object of research is agrogrey heavy clay loam soils of a trench created on the loess loam. Minimum content of aluminum and iron as well as the greatest amount of silicon oxide is noted in the plough layer. The latter could be explained by involvement of eluvial part of natural soils. The content of elements oxides in oozy fraction significantly differs from that of the bulk soil. The amount of silicon oxide is sharply reduced whereas the way of its distribution on a profile is uniform (49.5-51.2 %). Significant increase in iron and aluminum oxides content (10.1-11.1 % and 18.2-19. 1 %, respectively) is noted. In comparison with the bulk soil the oozy fraction is enriched with gross magnesium. The amount of calcium oxide potassium oxide content in silt is only slightly greater than its quantity in the soil as a whole. The gross chemical composition of oozy fraction indicates that this fraction consists mainly of clay minerals characterized by high amounts of aluminum, iron, magnesium and potassium. The main components of fraction are irregular mixed-layered units, mica - smectites with the high contents of smectite packages dominate. Smectite phase and hydromicas comprise 85-90 % of the sum of silt components. The amount of kaolinite and chlorite fluctuates within 10-15 %. These minerals are sources of potassium, magnesium and determine soil anions behavior. Reserves of potassium in oozy fraction is the highest in comparison with fractions of a fine and medium dust as the main potassium carriers are minerals comprising more than 80 % of all minerals of fraction. Thus, the greatest amount of such nutrients as potassium, phosphorus, magnesium is fixed in fine fractions, in the oozy -phosphorus, and magnesium, in oozy and fine-dust fraction - potassium, magnesium. Periodic addition of part of illuvial horizon during plowing is necessary for compensation of natural nutrients stocks. The last prevents textural differentiation of a profile, fills up number of fine fractions along with elements of plant nutrition. obtained results serve as evidence of a direct connection between the minerals, their crystallochemistry, the dissociation degree and the availability of nutrient elements to plant communities. There are various approaches to assess the storage (reserve) of nutrient elements. Gorbunov (1969, 1978) offered the differentiated assessment of such reserves containing in minerals. Each element is concentrated in certain minerals. For example, potassium - in feldspar, mica, hydromica; magnesium - in biotite, chlorite, vermiculite, etc., phosphorus - in apatite, phosphates of potassium, calcium, etc., and also in the state absorbed by clay minerals. The total storage of elements is divided by N.I.Gorbunov into four categories: general, potential, near, direct.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Potassium reserve</kwd><kwd>agrogrey soil</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alekseev V. E. Scriabina E.E. 1985 Reserve of potassium in chernozems, forest and inundated soils, in connection with their mineralogical structure. Materials of VII Congress of Soil Science .Tashkent. T.1. 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