kaz65Почвоведение и агрохимияSoil Science and Agrichemistry1999-740X2959-3433Казахский научно-исследовательский институт почвоведения и агрохимии имени У.У. Успанова0.51886/1999-740X_2021_2_62kaz65-25Research ArticleОбзорная статьяReviewЗЕЛЕНЫЕ МЕТОДИКИ АНАЛИЗА ПЕСТИЦИДОВ В ЗЕРНОВЫХ КУЛЬТУРАХ: ОБЗОРGREEN METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES IN CEREALS: OVERVIEWМамедоваМ. Р.MamedovaM. R.

050060, г. Алматы, пр-т аль-Фараби, 71

050070, Almaty, al-Farabi Ave, 71

mamedova.madina@kaznu.kzИбраимовА. Б.IbraimovA. B.

050060, г. Алматы, пр-т аль-Фараби, 71

050070, Almaty, al-Farabi Ave, 71

КунановА. Н.KunanovA. N.

050060, г. Алматы, пр-т аль-Фараби, 71

050070, Almaty, al-Farabi Ave, 71

АлимжановаМ. Б.AlimzhanovaM. B.

050060, г. Алматы, пр-т аль-Фараби, 71

050070, Almaty, al-Farabi Ave, 71

ТукеноваЗ. А.TukenovaZ. A.

050070, г.Алматы, пр-т аль-Фараби, 75 В

050060, Almaty, al-Farabi Ave, 75 В

Казахский национальный университет им. аль-Фараби, физико-технический факультетКазахстанal-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Physics and TechnologyKazakhstanКазахский национальный университет им. Аль-Фараби, химико-технологический факультетКазахстанal-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical TechnologyKazakhstanКазахский национальный университет им. аль-Фараби, физико-технический факультет; Казахский национальный университет им. Аль-Фараби, химико-технологический факультетКазахстанal-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Physics and Technology; al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical TechnologyKazakhstanТОО Казахский научно-исследовательский институт почвоведения и агрохимии им. У.У. УспановаКазахстанLLP Kazakh U.U. Uspanov Research Institute of Soil Science and Agricultural ChemistryKazakhstan202108082022026279Copyright © Мамедова М.Р., Ибраимов А.Б., Кунанов А.Н., Алимжанова М.Б., Тукенова З.А., 20222022Мамедова М.Р., Ибраимов А.Б., Кунанов А.Н., Алимжанова М.Б., Тукенова З.А.Mamedova M.R., Ibraimov A.B., Kunanov A.N., Alimzhanova M.B., Tukenova Z.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.soil.kz/jour/article/view/25

Пестициды используются во всем мире, начиная с середины XX века, для производства зерновых культур и их производных в сельском хозяйстве. Многие пестициды, особенно фунгициды и инсектициды, используются для предотвращения различных заболевании и повышения урожайности во время созревания. Поступление пестицидов в окружающую среду составляет долю одного процента от общего количества химических загрязнителей, но, учитывая, что эти соединения нацелены на подавление определенных групп организмов, пестициды и продукты их трансформации оказывают токсическое воздействие на здоровье человека, попадая в организм с овощами и фруктами, в том числе с их поверхности, если плоды плохо вымыты и на различные формы биоты. А также, из злаков, так как они могут всасываться в них из почвы. Безопасных пестицидов не существует, даже при использовании в малых количествах они могут вызывать различные аллергические реакции и отравления. При производстве сельскохозяйственной продукции используются одобренные пестициды, но это не отменяет того факта, что у длительного использования препарата могут быть негативные последствия. Следовательно, постоянный мониторинг остаточного количества пестицидов в этих продуктах снижает риск для здоровья человека и окружающей среды. Поэтому необходимы эффективные, экспрессные и экономически выгодные методики определения остаточных количеств пестицидов. В статье отражены методы подготовки проб при анализе пестицидов в зерновых культурах, а также особенности метода твердофазной микроэкстракции одной из методов экологической, зеленой химии при подготовке проб.

Pesticides have been used all over the world since the mid-twentieth century to protect cereals and their derivatives in agriculture from pests, insects and fungi. The release of pesticides into the environment makes up a fraction of one percent of the total amount of chemical pollutants, but given that these compounds are aimed at suppressing certain groups of organisms, pesticides and their transformation products have a toxic effect on various forms of biota and on human health when ingested with vegetables and fruits, including from their surface, if they are poorly washed. And also, from cereals, as they can be absorbed into them from the soil. There are no safe pesticides, even when used in small quantities, they can cause various allergic reactions and poisoning. In the production of agricultural products, approved pesticides are used, but this does not negate the fact that long-term use of the drug can have negative consequences. Therefore, constant monitoring of the residual amount of pesticides in these products reduces the risk to human health and the environment. Hence, there is a need for efficient, rapid and cost-effective methods for the determination of pesticide residues. The article reflects the methods of sample preparation in the analysis of pesticides in grain crops, as well as features of the method of solid-phase micro extraction of one of the methods of environmental, green chemistry in the preparation of samples.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.