kaz65Почвоведение и агрохимияSoil Science and Agrichemistry1999-740X2959-3433Казахский научно-исследовательский институт почвоведения и агрохимии имени У.У. Успанова10.51886/1999-740x_2026_3_46kaz65-1135Research ArticleЭКОЛОГИЯ ПОЧВSOIL ECOLOGYКомплексная оценка загрязнения почв и флоры тяжелыми металлами в зоне влияния Николаевскои обогатительнои фабрикиArticle topic: comprehensive assessment of soil and flora contamination by heavy metals in the zone of influence of the Nikolaevskaya enrichment planthttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-1037-1480ТугуноваЮ.TugunovaY.

050040, Алматы, ул. Тимирязева, 45

Yuliya Tugunova - Research assistant of the laboratory of breeding and biotech-nology, BSc

050040, Almaty, Timiryazev st., 45

y.tugunova@ipbb.kzhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-3018-2893АлтынбаеваМ.AltynbayevaM.

050040, Алматы, ул. Тимирязева, 45

Milana Altynbayeva - Research assistant of the laboratory of breeding and biotechnology, BSc

050040, Almaty, Timiryazev st., 45

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8505-5243АбилдаЖ.AbildaZh.

050040, Алматы, ул. Тимирязева, 45

Zhanar Abilda - Senior researcher of the laboratory of breeding and biotechnology, MSc, PhD candidate

050040, Almaty, Timiryazev st., 45

zemaletta@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-2418-5920КанатР.KanatR.

050040, Алматы, ул. Тимирязева, 45; 050060, Алматы, пр. аль-Фараби, 75В

Rakhim Kanat - Research assistant of the laboratory of breeding and biotechnology, BSc, MSc candidate

050040, Almaty, Timiryazev st., 45; 050060, Almaty, Al-Farabi Ave, 75B

udinjate.tt0ey@8shield.nethttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-2848-336XБегалыА.BegalyA.

050040, Алматы, ул. Тимирязева, 45

Abylay Begaly - Research assistant of the laboratory of breeding and biotechnology, BSc, MSc candidate

050040, Almaty, Timiryazev st., 45

a.begaly@ipbb.kzhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-1017-1980КайрхановД.KairkhanovD.

050040, Алматы, ул. Тимирязева, 45

Daulet Kairkhanov - Research assistant of the laboratory of breeding and biotechnology, BSc, MSc candidate

050040, Almaty, Timiryazev st., 45

d.kairkhanov@ipbb.kzhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-4386-3303ИсгандаровИ.IsgandarovI.

050040, Алматы, ул. Тимирязева, 45

Iskander Isgandarov - Research assistant of the laboratory of breeding and biotechnology, BSc

050040, Almaty, Timiryazev st., 45

i.isgandarov@ipbb.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9056-6504ИсаковаЕ.IsakovaE.

071303, Риддер, ул. Ермакова, 1

Elena Isakova - Senior Researcher, MSc, PhD candidate

071303, Ridder, Ermakova st., 1

lena12378@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-6091-4028ЧойХ.ChoiKh.

50040, Алматы, ул. Тимирязева, 45

Khanylbek Choi - Research assistant of the laboratory of breeding and biotechnology, BSc, MSc candidate

050040, Almaty, Timiryazev st., 45

choikhanylbek@gmail.comИнститут биологии и биотехнологии растенийКазахстанInstitute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyKazakhstanИнститут биологии и биотехнологии растений; Tanir Research LaboratoryКазахстанInstitute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology; Tanir Research LaboratoryKazakhstanАлтайский ботанический садКазахстанAltai Botanical GardenKazakhstan202605102026034658Copyright © Тугунова Ю., Алтынбаева М., Абилда Ж., Канат Р., Бегалы А., Кайрханов Д., Исгандаров И., Исакова Е., Чой Х., 20262026Тугунова Ю., Алтынбаева М., Абилда Ж., Канат Р., Бегалы А., Кайрханов Д., Исгандаров И., Исакова Е., Чой Х.Tugunova Y., Altynbayeva M., Abilda Z., Kanat R., Begaly A., Kairkhanov D., Isgandarov I., Isakova E., Choi K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.soil.kz/jour/article/view/1135

Сельскохозяйственные земли Восточно-Казахстанской области занимают значи-тельную площадь, при этом большая часть пастбищ и пахотных угодий расположена вблизи действующих промышленных объектов. Несмотря на это, ранее не проводилось комплексного исследования, объединяющего данные дистанционного зондирования, полевые анализы почв и изучение флоры для зоны влияния Николаевской обогатительной фабрики. Целью данной работы было восполнить этот пробел путём анализа землепользования за 40 лет (1985–2024 гг.) с использованием открытых спутниковых данных, обработанных в Google Earth Engine, а также результатов отбора почвенных проб и геоботанических описаний на 17 участках. Анализ почв показал не только повышенные концентрации тяжёлых металлов, но и заметное снижение pH, при котором металлы становятся более подвижными и легче поглощаются растениями. На ряде участков зафиксировано формирование технозёмов, что указывает на устойчивое изменение природного почвенного профиля. В ходе исследования флоры было выявлено 72 вида из 62 родов; на нарушенных территориях преобладают рудеральные и синантропные виды, тогда как аборигенные виды сохраняются в основном на контрольных участках, удалённых от предприятия. В целом полученные результаты свидетельствуют о продолжающейся деградации экосистем и вызывают обоснованные опасения для региональной пищевой цепи, учитывая расположение пастбищ и сельскохозяйственных угодий в непосредственной близости от предприятия.

Agricultural lands in East Kazakhstan region cover a significant area, with large portions of pasture and cropland situated in close proximity to operating industrial facilities. Despite this, no comprehensive integrated assessment combining remote sensing, ground-based soil monitoring, and flora survey had previously been conducted for the zone of influence of the Nikolaevskaya enrichment plant. This study aimed to fill that gap by a 40-year land cover analysis (1985-2024) using publicly available satellite data processed in Google Earth Engine with soil sampling and vegetation surveys across 17 sites. Soil analyses revealed not only elevated heavy metal concentrations but also a sharp pH decrease, conditions under which heavy metals become significantly more mobile and available for plant uptake. Technosol formation was observed at multiple sampling points, indicating a permanent transformation of the natural soil profile. The flora survey recorded 72 species from 62 genera, with ruderal and synanthropic species domina-ting disturbed habitats and native species persisting only at control points more distant from the facility. Taken together, these findings point to ongoing ecosystem degradation and raise concrete concerns for the regional food chain given the pastureland and cropland adjacent to the plant.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.