kaz65Почвоведение и агрохимияSoil Science and Agrichemistry1999-740X2959-3433Казахский научно-исследовательский институт почвоведения и агрохимии имени У.У. Успанова10.51886/1999-740X_2026_2_22kaz65-1112Research ArticleЭКОЛОГИЯ ПОЧВSOIL ECOLOGYВзаимосвязи между гранулометрическим составом, объе мнои массои и влажностью почвы в процессе постгорнодобычного восстановления почв в полузасушливых условияхAssociations among texture, bulk density and soil moisture during post-mining soil recovery in semi-arid conditionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-8166ҚұлымбетҚ.KulymbetK.

050060, Алматы, ул. Байрак, 10

Kulymbet Kanat – Senior Researcher of Department of Ecology, PhD

050060, Almaty, Bayraq str., 10, Kazakhstan

qulymbet.qanat@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0953-7491ТоқтарМ.ToktarM.

Toktar Murat – Associate Professor of Department of Mine Surveying and Geodesy, PhD

050060, Almaty, Bayraq str., 10

050013, Almaty, Satbaev str., 22

murat-toktar@mail.ruРашидұлыД.RashidulyD.

050010, Алматы, пр. Достык, 13

050010, Almaty, Dostyk Ave., 13

didarrasituly@gmail.comКазахский научно-исследовательский институт почвоведения и агрохимии им. У.У. УспановаКазахстанU.U. Uspanov Kazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and AgrochemistryKazakhstanКазахский научно-исследовательский институт почвоведения и агрохимии им. У.У. Успанова; Satbayev University, Satbayev UniversityКазахстанU.U. Uspanov Kazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry; Satbayev UniversityKazakhstanКазахский национальный педагогический университет им. АбаяКазахстанAbai Kazakh National Pedagogical UniversityKazakhstan202621062026022234Copyright © Құлымбет Қ., Тоқтар М., Рашидұлы Д., 20262026Құлымбет Қ., Тоқтар М., Рашидұлы Д.Kulymbet K., Toktar M., Rashiduly D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.soil.kz/jour/article/view/1112

Постгорнодобывающие фосфоритовые ландшафты в полузасушливых регионах часто сохраняют физические ограничения, которые затрудняют закрепление растительности и замедляют восстановление почв. Нами проведена оценка физического восстановления почв на фосфоритовом месторождении Жанатас (Южныи Казахстан) в сравнении трех типов участков: (i) рекультивированныи отвал (техническая рекультивация в 2012 г., биологическая - 2013 г.; площадь ~2 га; слои суглинистого субстрата ~50 см), (ii) отвал на естественном самовосстановлении после закрытия в 1984 г. с низким растительным покровом (~9,5–10%), и (iii) ненарушенныи контрольныи участок. В мае–сентябре 2025 г. на каждом участке было заложено по три почвенных разреза и выполнен отбор проб по генетическим горизонтам. На всех участках преобладали песчаные фракции, однако доля тонкои фракции (<0,01 мм) существенно различалась. На рекультивированном участке гранулометрическии состав верхнеи толщи был стабильным (<0,01 мм=31,97–34,93% на 0–40 см) и сопоставим с верхними горизонтами участка самовосстановления (28,60–30,34% на 0–70 см). Напротив, глубокии слои самовосстанавливающегося отвала (70–110 см) был краи не грубозе мистым (песок - 89,89%; <0,01 мм - 8,87%), что указывает на устои чивую текстурную неоднородность. В ненарушеннои почве доля тонкои фракции была максимальнои (<0,01 мм=34,57–45,05%). Влажность варьировала от 2,09% (рекультивация 0–10 см) до 11,69% (отвал 70–110 см). Анализ PCA разделил типы участков и показал наибольшую неоднородность на отвале, находящегося на естественном самовосстановлении. Рекультивация улучшает физическое состояние верхнего слоя, однако полное сближение с фоновыми почвами ограничивается выраженными текстурными контрастами в профиле.

Post-mining phosphorite landscapes in semi-arid regions often retain physical constraints that limit vegetation establishment and slow soil recovery. We assessed soil physical recovery at the Zhanatas phosphorite deposit (southern Kazakhstan) by comparing three site types: (i) a reclaimed dump (technical reclamation in 2012, biological reclamation in 2013; ~2 ha; ~50 cm loam substrate; 70–75% plant establishment), (ii) a dump undergoing passive selfrecovery since mine closure in 1984 with sparse vegetation cover (~9.5–10%), and (iii) an undisturbed reference soil. During May–September 2025, three soil profiles were excavated per site and sampled by genetic horizons. Across sites, materials were sand-dominated, but the fine fraction (<0.01 mm) differed strongly among recovery pathways. The reclaimed site showed stable near-surface texture (<0.01 mm = 31.97–34.93% at 0–40 cm), comparable to the upper horizons of the naturally revegetated dump (28.60–30.34% at 0–70 cm). In contrast, a deep layer of the naturally revegetated dump (70–110 cm) was extremely coarse (sand 89.89%; <0.01 mm 8.87%), indicating a persistent textural discontinuity. The undisturbed soil had the highest fine fraction (<0.01 mm = 34.57–45.05%). Moisture ranged from 2.09% (reclaimed 0–10 cm) to 11.69% (dump 70–110 cm). PCA differentiated site types and revealed the greatest heterogeneity in the naturally recovering dump. Reclamation improved near-surface physical conditions, but full convergence to reference soil remains incomplete due to strong textural contrasts within the profile.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.