kaz65Почвоведение и агрохимияSoil Science and Agrichemistry1999-740X2959-3433Казахский научно-исследовательский институт почвоведения и агрохимии имени У.У. Успанова10.51886/1999-740X_2026_1_86kaz65-1096Research ArticleОбзорные статьиМеханизмы, эффективность и воздействие биоугля на окружающую среду при ремедиации почвыMechanism, efficiency and environmental impact of biochar in soil remediationhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-9353-4137КазезА.KazezA.

050013, Алматы, ул. Сатпаева, 22а

 050013, Almaty, Satpaev St., 22а

altyn8393@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5510-7660БексейтоваК.BexeitovaK.

050013, Алматы, ул. Сатпаева, 22а

 050013, Almaty, Satpaev St., 22а

bekalsu@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1200-2340ЖантикеевУ.ZhantikeyevU.

050013, Алматы, ул. Сатпаева, 22а

 050013, Almaty, Satpaev St., 22а

nurlybekov.ulan@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0953-7491ТоктарМ.ToktarM.

050013, Алматы, ул. Сатпаева, 22а

 050013, Almaty, Satpaev St., 22а

murat-toktar@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9705-7438АзатС.AzatS.

050013, Алматы, ул. Сатпаева, 22а

 050013, Almaty, Satpaev St., 22а

s.azat@satbayev.universitySatbayev UniversityКазахстанSatbayev UniversityKazakhstan202622032026018699Copyright © Казез А., Бексейтова К., Жантикеев У., Токтар М., Азат С., 20262026Казез А., Бексейтова К., Жантикеев У., Токтар М., Азат С.Kazez A., Bexeitova K., Zhantikeyev U., Toktar M., Azat S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.soil.kz/jour/article/view/1096

Загрязнение почвы в результате накопления тяжёлых металлов, пестицидов и органических загрязнителей вызывает обеспокоенность во всём мире. В данной обзорной статье рассматривается биоуголь как эффективный метод ремедиации почвы, с особым вниманием к его роли в иммобилизации тяжёлых металлов, снижении токсичности пестицидов, повышении плодородия почвы и активности микроорганизмов. Высокая удельная поверхность и пористая структура биоугля делают его эффективным биоматериалом для снижения активности загрязняющих веществ и улучшения качества почвы. В обзоре также рассматривается важная роль биоугля в связывании углерода и смягчении последствий изменения климата, что способствует устойчивым методам ведения сельского хозяйства. Обсуждаются такие аспекты, как размер и глубина внесения биоугля в почву, его влияние на урожайность сельскохозяйственных культур на различных типах почв и улучшение состояния экосистем. Биоуголь также способствует повышению микробиологической активности почвы, регулирует круговорот питательных веществ и разложение органических веществ, улучшает структуру почвы, повышает водоудержи-вающую способность и катионообменную ёмкость (КОЕ), поддерживает её плодородие и снижает подверженность эрозии. Таким образом, потенциал биоугля в устойчивом сельском хозяйстве и охране окружающей среды очевиден, и многочисленные исследования подчёркивают его важную роль в улучшении качества почвы и снижении загрязнения.

Soil pollution resulting from the accumulation of heavy metals, pesticides, and organic pollutants is a global concern. This review article explores biochar as an effective method for soil remediation, with a particular focus on its role in the immobilization of heavy metals, reduction of pesticide toxicity, enhancement of soil fertility, and stimulation of microbial activity. The high specific surface area and porous structure of biochar make it a highly efficient biomaterial for reducing pollutant activity and improving soil quality. The review also highlights the important role of biochar in carbon sequestration and mitigating the effects of climate change, thereby supporting sustainable agricultural practices. Key aspects discussed include the application rate and depth of biochar incorporation into the soil, its impact on crop yield across different soil types, and its contribution to ecosystem improvement. Additionally, biochar enhances microbial activity, regulates nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition, improves soil structure, increases water retention capacity and cation exchange capacity (CEC), maintains soil fertility, and reduces susceptibility to erosion. Thus, the potential of biochar in sustainable agriculture and environmental management is evident, and numerous studies emphasize its significant role in improving soil quality and mitigating the impacts of soil pollution.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.