kaz65Почвоведение и агрохимияSoil Science and Agrichemistry1999-740X2959-3433Казахский научно-исследовательский институт почвоведения и агрохимии имени У.У. Успанова10.51886/1999-740X_2025_3_71kaz65-1033Research ArticleДЕГРАДАЦИЯ И ОХРАНА ПОЧВSOIL DEGRADATION AND PROTECTIONИсследование процессов дегредации почв крестьянского хозяйства "Макат" Атырауской областиInvestigation of soil degradation processes in the Makat farm in Atyrau regionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2474-9927ЖакыпбекЫ.ZhakypbekY.

050013, Алматы, ул. Сатпаева, 22

Zhakypbek Yryszhan - professor at the Department of Mine Surveying and Geodesy, PhD.

050013, Almaty, Satbaev str. 22

y.zhakypbek@satbayev.universityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0953-7491ТоктарМ.ToktarM.

050013, Алматы, ул. Сатпаева, 22

Toktar Murat - associate professor at the Department of Mine Surveying and Geodesy.

050013, Almaty, Satbaev str. 22

toktar-soil@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-5760-1810MәсімжанМ.MassimzhanM.

050040, Алматы, пр. аль-Фараби, 71

Massimzhan Muratzhan - Biomedical Research Centre.

050040, Almaty, al-Farabi ave. 71

muratzhanmasimzhan@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-7114-8354УтеевЕ. Т.UteyevY. T.

050000, Алматы, пр. Абая, 8

Uteyev Yerlan Tolgatovich – doctoral student.

050000, Almaty, Abai Avenue, 8

erlashx@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7320-5689ТурсбековС. В.TursbekovS.

050013, Алматы, ул. Сатпаева, 22

Tursbekov Serik - associate professor at the Department of Mine Surveying and Geodes, candidate of technical sciences.

050013, Almaty, Satbaev str. 22

s.tursbekov@satbayev.universityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8162-6053НурпеисоваТ. Б.NurpeissovaT. B.

050013, Алматы, ул. Сатпаева, 22

Nurpeisova Toleuzhan Baibolovna - professor at the Department of Mine Surveying and Geodesy, candidate of technical sciences.

050013, Almaty, Satbaev str. 22

t.nurpeissova@satbayev.universityhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-7556-0578КүмісхановаБ. Б.KumiskhanovaB. B.

050013, Алматы, ул. Сатпаева, 22

Kumiskhanova Balzhan Berikkyzy – master of cartographic sciences.

050013, Almaty, Satbaev str. 22

b.kumiskhanova@satbayev.universitySatbayev UniversityКазахстанSatbayev University, Republic of KazakhstanKazakhstanЦентр биомедицинских исследований, Казахский Национальный университет им. аль-ФарабиКазахстанBiomedical Research Centre, Al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstanКазахский национальный аграрный исследовательский университетКазахстанKazakh National Agrarian Research UniversityKazakhstan202502102025037181Copyright © Жакыпбек Ы., Токтар М., Mәсімжан М., Утеев Е.Т., Турсбеков С.В., Нурпеисова Т.Б., Күмісханова Б.Б., 20252025Жакыпбек Ы., Токтар М., Mәсімжан М., Утеев Е.Т., Турсбеков С.В., Нурпеисова Т.Б., Күмісханова Б.Б.Zhakypbek Y., Toktar M., Massimzhan M., Uteyev Y.T., Tursbekov S., Nurpeissova T.B., Kumiskhanova B.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.soil.kz/jour/article/view/1033

Исследование, проведенное в Макатском районе, включает гранулометрический анализ, анализ растительности, изменения верхнего слоя почвы (A+B) и химические исследования, которые позволяют оценить устойчивость почвы к механическим воздействиям. Результаты анализа стабильности почвы показали, что верхние слои почвы на всех участках наиболее подвержены эрозии и деградации, в основном из-за снижения содержания глины, потери гумуса и накопления токсичных солей. Уменьшение растительного покрова усугубляет проблему, указывая на серьезную деградацию пастбищ. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что усилия по сохранению почв, такие как улучшение физических свойств и снижение воздействия солей, являются решающими для восстановления этих экосистем. Полевые исследования также выявили различные типы, среди которых преобладают серо-бурые солончаковые и солоноцовые почвы. Эти почвы характеризуются низкой буферной способностью, что еще больше усугубляет проблему деградации. Анализ показал, что деградация почв в регионе имеет умеренную и высокую степень. Антропогенные факторы, такие как механическое воздействие и неправильное использование земель, значительно ускоряют процесс деградации, который снижает устойчивость экосистем. Эти факторы приводят к ухудшению качества почвы и потере её продуктивности, что негативно сказывается на всей экосистеме региона.

The study conducted in the Makati region includes granulometric analysis, vegetation assessment, topsoil evaluation (horizons A and B), and chemical testing to determine soil resistance to mechanical stress. The results of the soil stability analysis indicate that the upper soil layers across all sites are more vulnerable to erosion and soil exhaustion. This is primarily due to a reduction in clay content, the depletion of humus, and the accumulation of toxic salts. The decline in vegetation cover further aggravates the issue, pointing to severe pasture degradation. These findings highlight the urgent need for soil conservation measures, such as improving soil physical properties and mitigating salt exposure, to support ecosystem restoration. Field studies also identified a variety of soil profiles, with gray-brown salt marsh and brackish soils being the most prevalent. These soil types are marked by low buffering capacity, which intensifies the degradation process. The analysis classified soil degradation in the region as moderate to severe. Anthropogenic factors, including mechanical disturbances and improper land use, significantly accelerate soil degradation. This, in turn, compromises ecosystem stability by diminishing soil quality and reducing its productivity, thereby negatively impacting the broader environment of the region.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.